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You can change the type of information you receive from a query. The
default query type is A. Table D-14 lists the different types of
query information.
D.8.5.1 A Query Type
This is the default NSLOOKUP query type. It returns the name and IP address of a host. The following NSLOOKUP session shows a query for the host apple . The query to the server condor.lgk.dec.com is successful, and the server returns the IP address 16.99.208.10.
$ NSLOOKUP Default Server: condor.lgk.dec.com Address: 16.99.208.53 > apple Server: condor.lgk.dec.com Address: 16.99.208.53 Name: apple.lgk.dec.com Address: 16.99.208.10 > |
If you enter a domain name without a trailing period, NSLOOKUP appends the default domain to the name. You can change the default domain with the set domain or set srchlist commands.
To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to the name, as shown in the following example:
$ NSLOOKUP apple.koz.dec.com. |
To obtain the host name for an IP address, change the query type to PTR and enter the IP address, as shown in the following example:
> set type=ptr > 16.99.208.189 Server: condor.lgk.dec.com Address: 16.99.208.53 Name: dove.lgk.dec.com Address: 16.99.208.189 |
You can also use the PTR query type to obtain more information about a domain, as as shown in the following example:
> lgk.dec.com
Server: condor.lgk.dec.com
Address: 16.99.208.53
lgk.dec.com
origin = condor.lgk.dec.com
mail addr = postmaster.lgk.dec.com
serial = 1998101948
refresh = 3600 (1H)
retry = 300 (5M)
expire = 604800 (1W)
minimum ttl = 43200 (12H)
>
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To obtain information about mail exchange records, set the query type to MX and enter a domain. The output tells you which hosts handle mail for the specified domain, as shown in the following example.
> set type=mx > lgk.dec.com Server: condor.lgk.dec.com Address: 16.99.208.53 lgk.sea.com preference = 200, mail exchanger = crl.sea.com lgk.sea.com preference = 50, mail exchanger = collie.lgk.sea.com lgk.sea.com preference = 100, mail exchanger = mail13.digital.com lgk.sea.com preference = 100, mail exchanger = mail11.digital.com lgk.sea.com preference = 200, mail exchanger = mail2.digital.com lgk.sea.com nameserver = collie.lgk.sea.com lgk.sea.com nameserver = condor.lgk.sea.com lgk.sea.com nameserver = hageln.lgk.sea.com crl.sea.com internet address = 192.58.206.2 collie.lgk.sea.com internet address = 16.99.208.100 mail13.digital.com internet address = 192.208.46.30 mail2.digital.com internet address = 204.123.2.56 condor.lgk.sea.com internet address = 16.99.208.53 hageln.lgk.sea.com internet address = 16.99.208.10 |
This query type returns the domain's start-of-authority information.
> set type=soa
> microsoft.com
Server: condor.lgk.sea.com
Address: 16.99.208.53
microsoft.com
origin = dns1.microsoft.com
mail addr = msnhst.microsoft.com
serial = 1998101204
refresh = 7200 (2H)
retry = 1800 (30M)
expire = 2592000 (4w2d)
minimum ttl = 86400 (1D)
microsoft.com nameserver = dns3.nwnet.net
microsoft.com nameserver = dns4.nwnet.net
microsoft.com nameserver = dns1.microsoft.com
microsoft.com nameserver = dns2.microsoft.com
microsoft.com nameserver = dns1.moswest.msn.net
microsoft.com nameserver = dns2.moswest.msn.net
dns3.nwnet.net internet address = 192.220.250.7
dns4.nwnet.net internet address = 192.220.251.7
dns1.microsoft.com internet address = 131.107.1.7
dns2.microsoft.com internet address = 131.107.1.240
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To obtain information about the name servers for a particular zone, set the query type to NS and then enter the zone you want. The following example shows the name servers for the microsoft.com zone.
> set type=ns > microsoft.com Server: condor.lgk.sea.com Address: 16.99.208.53 Non-authoritative answer: microsoft.com nameserver = dns2.microsoft.com microsoft.com nameserver = dns1.moswest.msn.net microsoft.com nameserver = dns2.moswest.msn.net microsoft.com nameserver = dns3.nwnet.net microsoft.com nameserver = dns4.nwnet.net microsoft.com nameserver = dns1.microsoft.com Authoritative answers can be found from: dns2.microsoft.com internet address = 131.107.1.240 dns3.nwnet.net internet address = 192.220.250.7 dns4.nwnet.net internet address = 192.220.251.7 dns1.microsoft.com internet address = 131.107.1.7 > |
If you want to use another name server as your default server, use the server command.
$ NSLOOKUP Default Server: condor.klg.sea.com Address: 16.99.208.53 > server ns01.koz.sea.com Default Server: ns01.koz.sea.com Address: 16.99.9.20 |
If for some reason the default server is not responding, you can always use the lserver command to change the default server. The lserver command uses the initial default name server to look up the IP address of the new server.
> lserver collie.klg.sea.com Default Server: collie.klg.sea.com Address: 16.99.208.10 |
Or, if you already know the IP address of the new server, you can use the server command to reset the default server.
>server 16.99.208.10 > server 16.99.99.226 Default Server: beagel.zok.sea.com Address: 16.99.99.226 |
The ls command lists information about a domain. This command is useful for:
Table D-15 describes options to the ls command.
| Option | Function |
|---|---|
| -a | Lists aliases of hosts in the domain (CNAME entries). |
| -d | Lists all the entries in the domain. |
| -h | Lists CPU and operating system information for the domain (HINFO entries). |
| -m | Lists mail exchange (MX) entries in the domain. |
| -s | Lists well-known services (WKS) in the domain. |
| -t | Lists a specified entry type. |
The following example shows the use of the ls command to obtain address records for all hosts within a zone.
> ls -t a lgk.sea.com [condor.lgk.sea.com] @ 12H IN A 16.99.208.208 dhcp-253 12H IN A 16.99.208.253 ucxv4a 12H IN A 16.99.208.129 beavis 12H IN A 16.99.208.90 boxmor 12H IN A 16.99.208.30 kempo 12H IN A 16.99.208.47 pacnet 12H IN A 16.99.208.84 kwai 12H IN A 16.99.208.63 alxica 12H IN A 16.99.9.37 ppponvms 12H IN A 16.99.208.104 a71kt 12H IN A 16.99.208.142 peteathome 12H IN A 16.99.208.101 larisa 12H IN A 16.99.208.49 pigdog 12H IN A 16.99.208.140 ntruder 12H IN A 16.99.208.110 |
In the following example, the ls command displays alias records for hosts within the lgk.sea.com domain.
> ls -a lgk.sea.com [condor.lgk.sea.com] $ORIGIN LGK.SEA.COM. celics 12H IN CNAME celtics news 12H IN CNAME nntpd.KLG.SEA.COM. tiger 12H IN CNAME ntruder console 12H IN CNAME bblts.KLG.SEA.COM. deebug 12H IN CNAME dot ayla 12H IN CNAME ayla.KLG.SEA.COM. cscibm 12H IN CNAME cscibm.KLG.SEA.COM. > |
Using the -m option obtains the MX records for hosts within the lgk.sea.com domain, as shown in the following example.
> ls -m lgk.sea.com
brigit 12H IN MX 10 brigit
12H IN MX 100 mail1.digital.com.
12H IN MX 100 mail2.digital.com.
12H IN MX 200 crl.SEA.com.
piglet 12H IN MX 10 piglet
12H IN MX 100 mail1.digital.com.
12H IN MX 100 mail2.digital.com.
12H IN MX 200 crl.SEA.com.
tieta 12H IN MX 10 tieta
12H IN MX 100 mail1.digital.com.
12H IN MX 100 mail2.digital.com.
12H IN MX 200 crl.SEA.com.
sherry 12H IN MX 10 sherry
12H IN MX 100 mail1.digital.com.
12H IN MX 100 mail2.digital.com.
12H IN MX 200 crl.SEA.com.
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In the following example, using the -s option displays the well-known services for a domain.
> ls -s lgk.sea.com [condor.lgk.sea.com] WKStesthave 12H IN WKS 16.99.208.255 21 ( ) WKStesthavenot 12H IN WKS 16.99.208.255 255 ( ) WKStestnumbers 12H IN WKS 16.99.208.255 255 ( 21 23 ) |
You can redirect the output from this command to a file. This method is helpful when the domain consists of a large number of hosts. Once the file is created, you can look at its contents with the DCL command TYPE. For example:
> ls -t a klg.sea.com > systems.txt [condor.klg.sea.com] ############# Received 932 answers (0 records). $ TYPE SYSTEMS.TXT > ls -t a klg.sea.com [condor.klg.sea.com] $ORIGIN KLG.SEA.COM. @ 12H IN A 16.99.208.208 dhcp-253 12H IN A 16.99.208.253 ucxv4a 12H IN A 16.99.208.129 beavis 12H IN A 16.99.208.90 boxmor 12H IN A 16.99.208.30 kempo 12H IN A 16.99.208.47 pacnet 12H IN A 16.99.208.84 kwai 12H IN A 16.99.208.63 alxica 12H IN A 16.99.9.37 ppponvms 12H IN A 16.99.208.104 |
To solve BIND server problems, refer to the following sections:
A missing client name in the BIND server's database files results in lack of service to that client. If records that point to the name servers (NS records) in a domain are missing from your server's database files, you might see the following messages:
%TCPIP-W-BIND_NOSERVNAM, Server with address 199.85.8.8 is not responding %TCPIP-E-BIND_NOSERVERS, Default servers are not available %TCPIP-W-NORECORD, Information not found -TCPIP-E-BIND_NOSERVERS, Default servers are not available |
When the CONVERT/ULTRIX BIND /DOMAIN command creates the .DB files from the hosts database, it cannot detect the existence of or the names of name servers in a domain. Therefore, it does not add NS records for the name servers to the .DB files.
To solve the problem, follow these steps:
The serial number mismatch log=xxx, zone=xxx message indicates that the BIND server was unsuccessful in an attempt to load a particular dynamic update from the update log file. This can occur because the update is old and no longer valid. The serial number for the zone has since been incremented and is no longer in synchronization with the serial number attached to the logged update.
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